中國微生物菌種查詢網在滿足的不同企業的需要方面，站在了專業標準的前沿，有技術的支撐，有專業品質保證的可靠性標準，同時在整體的信息qw與市場相關，滿足不同需求的客戶，放心進行選擇的需要。ATCC菌種有資源的界定，在工業企業中應用，對于相關的管理標準與技術性要求，也同樣有較高專業的特色，所以從根本上來說，要保證有更可靠的實用意義，還必須要考慮的重點，就在于擁有專業qw的基礎，可以帶給實踐菌種服務于生產很好的基礎。

Bacillus atrophaeus Nakamura 拉丁名

(ATCC® 9372?) 統一編號

Strain Designations 菌種別名: NRS 1221A /

Type Strain 模式菌株: no /

Biosafety Level 生物安全等級: 1

Deposited As Bacillus subtilis var. niger Smith et al. 

Application 用途  Resistance Testing

Dry heat sterilization control

Efficacy testing

Ethylene oxide sterilization control

Media testing

Steam sterilization control

Sterility assurance

Sterilization control

Pharmaceutical and Personal Care

Type Strain 模式菌株  no

Biosafety Level 生物安全等級 1

Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country.

Product Format 提供形式 freeze-dried

Storage Conditions 保藏條件

 Frozen（冷凍物）: -80℃ or colder

Freeze-Dried（凍干物）: 2℃ to 8℃

Live Culture（活物）: See Propagation Section

Preceptrol® no

Type Strain 模式菌株 no

Comments 注釋 This strain is recommended by ATCC for use in the tests described in military specification MIL S-36586A and U.S. Pharmacopeia, 23rd rev.,, pp. 1976-1981, 1995 where only the taxon is specified. Variations in colonial morphology and pigmentation occur on nutrient agar; strain is orange on beef extract glucose agar and black on tyrosine agar. Selection of colonies for pigment enhancement is not advised. Respiration as a function of osmotic pressure Sterilizing effects of airborne sound waves Inactivation by oxygen gas plasma

Medium 培養基 

Growth Conditions 生長條件

Temperature 培養溫度: 30℃

Atmosphere 需氧情況: Aerobic

Name of Depositor 寄存人 NR Smith Special Collection ATCC

References 參考文獻 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 62: 145, 1962.

Nelson CL, Berger TJ. Inactivation of microorganisms by oxygen gas plasma. Curr. Microbiol. 18: 275-276, 1989. Nakamura LK. Taxonomic relationship of black-pigmented Bacillus subtilis strains and a proposal for Bacillus atrophaeus sp. nov.. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39: 295-300, 1989.

Pisano MA, et al. Sterilizing effects of high-intensity airborne sonic and ultrasonic waves. Appl. Microbiol. 14: 732-736, 1966. PubMed: 4961527

British Pharmacopoeia Commission Methods of sterilization. London, UK:British Pharmacopoeia Commission;British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XVIII, 2003 European Pharmacopoeia Commission Biological indicators of sterilization. Strasbourg, France:European Pharmacopoeia Commission;European Pharmacopoeia EP 5.1.2, 1997

U.S. Pharmacopeia USP Monographs: Biological Indicator for Dry-heat Sterilization, Paper Carrier. Rockville, MD: U.S. Pharmacopeia; USP USP34-NF29, 2011

U.S. Pharmacopeia USP Monographs: Biological Indicator for Ethylene Oxide Sterilization, Paper Carrier. Rockville, MD:U.S. Pharmacopeia;USP USP34-Nf29, 2011 Fritze D, Pukall R. Reclassification of bioindicator strains Bacillus subtilis DSM 675 and Bacillus subtilis DSM 2277 as Bacillus atrophaeus. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51: 35-37, 2001. PubMed: 11211269

Microbial Ranking of Porous Packaging Materials (Exposure Chamber Method). Gaithersburg, MD:AOAC International;AOAC "Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International" 997.17.

Terminal Sterilization and Sterilization Indicators. Tokyo, Japan:Japanese Pharmacopoeia;JP JP14e.part II.15. Sterilization of health care products--Biological indicators--Part 2: Biological indicators for ethylene oxide sterilization. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 11138-2:1994.

Sterilization of single-use medical devices incorporating materials of animal origin--Validation and routine control of sterilization by liquid chemical sterilants. Geneva (Switzerland):International Organization for Standardization/ANSI;ISO ISO 14160:1998. Standard Test Method for Determination of Effectiviness of Cleaning Processes for Reusable Medical Instruments Using a Microbiologic Method (Simulated Use Test). West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method E 2314-03.

Standard Test Method for Quantitative Sporicidal Three-Step Method (TSM) to Determine Sporicidal Efficacy of Liquids, Liquid Sprays, and Vapor or Gases on Contaminated Carrier Surfaces. West Conshohocken, PA:ASTM International;ASTM Standard Test Method E 2414-05.

Sterilization of health care products --- Biological indicators, Part 2: Biological indicators for ethylene oxide sterilization processes. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 11138-2:2006.

Sterilization of health care products --- Biological indicators, Part 4: Biological indicators for dry heat sterilization processes. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 11138-4:2006.

Sterilization of single-use medical devices incorporating materials of animal origin --- Validation and routine control of sterilization by liquid chemical sterilants, Annex A. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 14160:1998.

Clothing for protection against infectious agents --- Test method for resistance to dry microbial penetration. London, UK:British Standards Institution;British Standard BS EN ISO 22612:2005.