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? History of Coolant Base Fluid Development：/冷凍液基礎液的發展歷史：
· Alcohols 醇 低沸點，易燃
- Disadvantages: Low Boiling Point; Potential Fire Hazard
· Salts 鹽 易致銹，易結晶沉淀
- Disadvantages: Corrosiveness; Deposits by Cristallisation
· Glycerine 甘油 粘度高，防凍差，與橡膠不相容
- Disadvantages: High Viscosity; Less Freezing Protection; Incompatibility with Rubber Hoses
The Solution: Mono Ethylene Glycol / 解決方法：乙二醇
BASF Patent granted in 1929. Brand Name:Glysantin / 巴斯夫于1929年取得專利 商品名稱: GLYSANTIN
? Characteristics of Good Engine Coolants:/優秀發動機冷凍液的特點:
· Prevention of Corrosion/防銹
· Prevention of Cavitation/抗汽蝕
· Prevention of Over-heating/防過熱
· Excellent Heat Transfer/良好的導熱性
· Stability at high Temperature/高溫穩定性
· Compatibility with Hard Water/對硬水的高容忍性
· Little Swelling of Rubber and Elastomeres/不會引起橡膠及高彈體的明顯膨脹
· Low Foaming Tendency/低泡
· Prevention of Deposits/防沉淀
· Freeze Protection/防凍
? Basic Formulation of Coolants/冷凍液的基本組成：
1. Base Fluid/基礎液（Mono EthyleneGlycol/乙二醇），> 90% + Additives/添加劑（Surface activeInhibitors prevent/表面活性抑制劑(Corrosion/防銹、Cavitation/防汽蝕、Deposits/防沉淀；Others/其他：pH Buffer/緩沖pH、Defoamer/消泡、Stabilizer/穩定)），5-7% + Water/水（as by-productsfrom components/反應副產品），3 - 5% = Coolant Concentrate/原液.
2. Coolant Concentrate原液(30 – 60%) + Water 水(40 – 70%) = Coolant/冷凍液(ready to use/即用型).